ABSTRACT
O linfoma anaplásico de células grandes (ALCL) associado a implantes mamários é um distúrbio linfoproliferativo das células T que foi recentemente reconhecido como uma entidade independente na classificação de linfomas da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Apesar do pequeno número de descrições, o número de casos está crescendo rapidamente. Das poucas centenas de casos que foram publicados até agora, muito poucos vieram do Brasil e nenhum foi relatado às autoridades locais. Encontramos um caso recentemente, e acreditamos que seu relato à comunidade local de cirurgia plástica poderá chamar a sua atenção para essa patologia emergente. O prognóstico é muito bom na maior parte dos casos diagnosticados. Contudo, ainda se sabe pouco sobre como e por que os implantes de silicone poderiam desencadear uma resposta linfoide, culminando num ALCL.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that has recently been recognized as an independent entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphomas. Despite the small number of reports to date, the number of cases is rapidly increasing. Of the few hundred cases that have been reported so far, very few came from Brazil and none have been reported to the local authorities. We encountered a case of BIA-ALCL and believe that its report to the local plastic surgery community could raise awareness to this emerging pathology. The prognosis is very good in most of the diagnosed cases. However, little is known about how and why silicone implants could trigger a lymphoid response that results in ALCL.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Breast Neoplasms , Mammaplasty , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic , Breast Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Seroma , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Mammaplasty/methods , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/surgery , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Seroma/surgeryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe an experimental model of cutaneous radiation injury in rabbits. METHODS: On this study eight six-month-old New Zealand male rabbits, with an average weight of 2.5kg were used. They were distributed in four groups (n=2 per group). The control group did not receive radiotherapy and the others received one radiotherapy session of 2000, 3000 and 4500 cGy, respectively. Photographic analysis and histopathological evaluation of the irradiated areas were carried out. RESULTS: After 30 days, the animals from the control group had all their hair grown. In spite of that, the animals from group 2000 cGy had a 60-day alopecia and from group 3000 cGy, a 90-day alopecia. After the 30th day, the 3000cGy group demonstrated 90-day cutaneous radiation injuries, graded 3 and 4. One of the animals from group 4500 cGy died on the 7th day with visceral necrosis. The other from the same group had total skin necrosis. A progressive reduction of glands and blood vessels count and an increase on collagen deposition was observed. CONCLUSION: The proposed experimental model is reproductable. This study suggests that the dosage 4500cGy is excessive and the 3000 cGy is the most effective for this experimental model of cutaneous radiation injury in rabbits.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Disease Models, Animal , Radiation Injuries, Experimental , Skin/radiation effects , Alopecia/etiology , Necrosis , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Reproducibility of Results , Skin Diseases/etiology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Skin/pathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A técnica de anastomose microcirúrgica é desafiadora e requer treinamento extenso, dedicação e tempo. Os autores descrevem um modelo de treinamento acessível, prático e fácil, que utiliza retalho abdominal proveniente de abdominoplastias. O calibre dos vasos epigástricos superficiais encontrados nos retalhos abdominais excisados variou de 1,2 mm a 2 mm, dependendo do índice de massa corporal da paciente no pré-operatório. Esse retalho permitiu o treinamento de anastomoses microcirúrgicas em vasos de diferentes calibres. Esses vasos permaneciam com pequena quantidade de sangue em seu lúmen, o que permitia testar a qualidade e a patência das anastomoses. Esse modelo de treinamento em vasos abdominais humanos, quando comparado aos modelos animais ou inanimados, permite transição mais rápida e real aos pacientes. A prática de dissecção e de anastomoses terminoterminais e terminolaterais de uma maneira efetiva e prática aperfeiçoa a destreza cirúrgica.
The microsurgical anastomosis technique is practically challenging and requires extensive training, dedication, and time for inexperienced surgeons to perfect. In the present report, we describe an accessible, practical, and simple training model, which involves the use of an abdominal flap obtained from abdominoplasties. The caliber of the superficial epigastric vessels found in the excised abdominal flaps ranged from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, depending on the preoperative body mass index of the patient. This flap facilitated the training of microsurgical anastomosis in blood vessels with different calibers. These vessels had a small amount of remnant blood within the lumen, which enabled the testing of the quality and patency of the anastomosis. This training model involving human abdominal vessels allows for a quicker transition to actual operative situations, compared to the use of animal or inanimate models. Moreover, effective practice of dissection and end-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses using our model helps in the development of skill and surgical dexterity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abdomen/surgery , Blood Vessels , Microsurgery , Surgical Flaps , Anastomosis, Surgical , Methods , Patients , MentoringABSTRACT
Introdução: Os defeitos congênitos do tubo neural e tecidos associados são classificados como disrafismos espinhais, sendo a meningomielocele a forma mais grave. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral no tratamento das meningomieloceles. Método: A técnica foi utilizada em 9 pacientes com diagnóstico de meningomielocele, no período de dezembro de 2006 a janeiro de 2009. Os pacientes foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica nas primeiras 36 horas de vida, com atuação conjunta das equipes de Neurocirurgia e de Cirurgia Plástica. Resultados: Observou-se que a principal localização do defeito foi a região lombossacra (77,78%), seguida da toracolombar (11,11%) e torácica (11,11%). A utilização do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral possibilitou o fechamento da lesão em todos os casos. O defeito apresentava, em média, 32,1 cm2. A única complicação observada nesta série foi a epiteliólise segmentar do retalho na linha média, observada em 1 (11,1%) paciente. Discussão: A escolha do retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado bilateral utilizada nos casos apresentados deve-se à segurança em relação à vascularização, menor tempo cirúrgico quando comparado aos retalhos musculares, facilidadeda dissecção, aplicabilidade e baixos índices de complicação. Conclusão: O retalho fasciocutâneo bipediculado e bilateral é adequado para o tratamento das meningomieloceles.
Introduction: Neural tube defects and associated tissues are classified as spinal dysraphism, being the most severe one the meningomyelocele. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap in the meningomyeloceles treatment. Methods: Nine patients were operated on meningomyelocele from December 2006 to January 2009. The patients had a surgery correction performed in the first 36 hours of life, with the presence of Neurosurgery and Plastic Surgery teams. Results: The main location of the defect was in the lumbosacral region (77.78%), followed by the thoracolumbar (11.11%) and the thoracicone (11.11%). In all the cases, the bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap was performed to close the defect. Discussion: The bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap was chosen owing to the security regarding vascularization, the shorter surgical time compared to muscles flaps, dissection facility, applicability and low rate of complications. Conclusion: The bilateral bipedicled fasciocutaneous flap is an adequate treatment for meningomyelocele.